The video of Spaghetti hero we created from a video and produced. The process of making the film took a lot of time but we were able to use techniques that we have learn't in class to produce our final piece of the video. We used cross fades and continues scene cutting which we were able to cut from one scene and to another with it seeming as if it was shot at a different angel.

 

Pioneers of video

The main Pioneers of video production are:

Lumiere Brothers- The Lumière brothers were born in Besançon, France, in 1862 and 1864, and moved to Lyon in 1870, where both attended La Martiniere, the largest technical school in Lyon. Their father, Claude-Antoine Lumière (1840–1911), ran a photographic firm and both brothers worked for him: Louis as a physicist and Auguste as a manager. Louis had made some improvements to the still-photograph process, the most notable being the dry-plate process, which was a major step towards moving images.

George Albert Smith- George Albert Smith (4 January 1864, London – 17 May 1959) was a stage hypnotist, psychic, magic lantern lecturer, astronomer, inventor, and one of the pioneers of British cinema, who is best known for his controversial work with Edmund Gurney at the Society for Psychical Research, his short-films from 1897-1903 which pioneered film editing and close-ups, and his development of the first successful colour film process, Kinemacolor.

Cecil Hepworth- Cecil Milton Hepworth (19 March 1874 – 9 February 1953) was an English film director, producer and screenwriter. He was among the founders of the British film industry and continued making films into the 1920s at his Walton Studios. In 1923 his company went into receivership.

Edwin Porter- Edwin Stanton Porter (April 21, 1870 – April 30, 1941) was an American early film pioneer, most famous as a director with Thomas Edison's company. His most important films are Life of an American Fireman (1903) and The Great Train Robbery (1903).

D.W Griffths- David Llewelyn Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was a premier pioneering American film director. He is best known as the director of the controversial and groundbreaking 1915 film The Birth of a Nation and the subsequent film Intolerance (1916).

Lev Kuleshov- Lev Vladimirovich Kuleshov born on 13 January 1899 – 29 March 1970 was a Soviet filmmaker and film theorist who taught at and helped establish the world's first film school, the Moscow Film School.

Sergei Eisenstein- sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein  23 January 1898  – 11 February 1948), was a pioneering Soviet Russian film director and film theorist, often considered to be the "Father of Montage". He is noted in particular for his silent films Strike (1924), Battleship Potemkin (1925) and October (1927), as well as the historical epicsAlexander Nevsky (1938) and Ivan the Terrible (1944, 1958).

Alfred Hitchcock- Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980)  was a British film director and producer. He pioneered many techniques in the suspense and psychological thriller genres. After a successful career in British cinema in both silent films and early talkies, Hitchcock moved to Hollywood. In 1956 he became an American citizen while remaining a British subject. 

Why we edit

The main purpose of editing is to produce a small short clip or of a movie from clips they have produced or of clips they have gathered. Editing clips origanated in 1890s by one of the key influences within film making and editing. Thomas Edison.

Before the widespread use of non-linear editing systems, the initial editing of all films was done with a positive copy of the film negative called a film workprint (cutting copy in UK) by physically cutting and pasting together pieces of film, using a splicer and threading the film on a machine with a viewer such as a Moviola, or "flatbed" machine such as a K.-E.-M. or Steenbeck. Today, most films are edited digitally (on systems such as Avid or Final Cut Pro) and bypass the film positive workprint altogether. In the past, the use of a film positive (not the original negative) allowed the editor to do as much experimenting as he or she wished, without the risk of damaging the original.

Kuleshov Effect

Kuleshov effect is when a short footage of some ones emotion is repeated 3 times and 3 different clips are combined together with the emotion to show what that person feels through each scene. The experiment itself was created by assembling fragments of pre-existing film from the Tsarist film industry, with no new material. The effect was created by The Kuleshov effect takes its name from Lev Kuleshov, an influential filmmaker in the mid-twentieth century Soviet Union, who illustrated it. 


Kuleshov edited together a short film in which a shot of the expressionless face of Tsarist matinee idol Ivan Mosjoukine was alternated with various other shots (a plate of soup, a girl, a little girl's coffin). The film was shown to an audience who believed that the expression on Mosjoukine's face was different each time he appeared, depending on whether he was "looking at" the plate of soup, the girl, or the coffin, showing an expression of hunger, desire or grief respectively. Actually the footage of Mosjoukine was the same shot repeated over and over again.

Editing techniques

When editing a clip or movie, editing skills are essential because you are able to clean up the clip, E.g cut down the clip if it is to big and also add a story line to the clip easier for the viewers to understand. There are many types of editing tools to edit clips, for example:

Straight cut-is a basic cut, from shot A to B straight away. 

Continuity/invisible editing- continuity editing is where you edit a clip to make out as though it was never edited hence the term invisible editing.

Intellectual editing- editing with a intellectual and good usage of background research 

Montage- creating different clips to form 1. 

Cutaway- is a continues filmed action that has something else to over lap it.

180o rule- a shot that should have a same left and right relationship to make as if it was a natural shot.

Fade- fade in is a video transition used to fade one clip to another.

Wipe-wipe is a video transition the goes to the next scene with a wipe motion.

Sound bridge- sound bridge is where the scene begins with the carry-over sound from the previous scene before the new sound begins.  

Fast-cutting- editing technique which refers to several consecutive shots of a brief duration (e.g. 3 seconds or less).

Cross-cutting- its a technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations.

We were asked to create a given video and edit it following a script for guidance, we edited the spaghetti hero video. With the editing techniques we know and have learned, we used them to edit the film to be put together.